Which sectors are primarily represented by the ILWU?

The correct choice highlights that the ILWU primarily represents waterfront workers, longshore workers, and warehouse employees. This is significant because the ILWU (International Longshore and Warehouse Union) was established to advocate for the rights and working conditions of those directly involved in cargo handling and dock work. This includes individuals who work on shipping docks, loading and unloading ships, and managing warehouse operations associated with maritime activities. The focus on this specific workforce allows the ILWU to concentrate on issues relevant to the maritime industry, such as safety regulations, labor rights, and negotiation of contracts that align with the operations of ports and shipping logistics.

The other options, while representing important sectors in the labor market, do not accurately reflect the core focus of the ILWU's membership. For instance, manufacturing and retail workers, construction and engineering workers, as well as transportation and logistics workers, may belong to different unions or organizations that specifically cater to their unique needs and workplace dynamics. Therefore, emphasizing the association of the ILWU with waterfront, longshore, and warehouse employees makes it clear that their efforts are tailored towards a particular industry that is integral to international trade and commerce.